Dear Father

Bakit marami ang tawag kay Mama Mary?

-Justine Angsantos

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Dear Justine,

Maganda ang tanong mo Justine. Hindi ba ang isang tao kung mayroong kabutihang nagagawa sa kanyang buhay at para sa kapwa ay kadalasan binibigyan ng tawag? Halimbawa: si Cory Aquino—ang ina ng demokrasya; si Manny Pacquiao—ang pambansang kamao; si Lorenzo Ruiz—ang unang santong martir ng Pilipinas; at marami pang iba. Gayundin naman kay Mama Mary, marami ang tawag o taguri sa kanya dahil sa kanyang matapat na pagsunod sa kalooban ng Diyos.

Ang mga taguring ito ang nagpapakita na malapit si Maria sa atin. Laging kasama si Mama Mary sa paglalakbay ng bayan ng Diyos, pang-araw-araw na buhayng mga pamilya, pagsubok, at sa ating mga pangangailangan. Ngunit dapat din nating tandaan: bilang katuruan ng Simbahang Katoliko, na ang lahat niyang taguri ay tumutukoy lamang sa iisang tao—kay Birhang Maria—at walang kompetisyon sa iba’t ibang tawag sa kanya. Lahat ng ito ay pantay-pantay lamang ang turing. Ang mga ito ay patunay lamang na may malapit na kaugnayan si Maria sa buhay natin.

Bigyan kita, Justine, ng ilang mga tawag kay Mama Mary (sanggunian: ang librong “...at naroon ang Ina...” pag-aaral tungkol sa Mahal na Birhen ni Msgr. Leandro N. Castro):

Bilang pribilehiyo

• Ina ng Diyos (Mother of God)
• Ipinaglihing walang sala (Immaculate Conception)
• Birhen (Virgin)
• Iniakyat sa Langit (Assumption)

Mga piling titulo ni Mama Mary

• Reyna ng Mundo
• Reyna ng Kabanal-banalang Rosaryo
• Reyna ng mga Apostol
• Ina ng Laging Saklolo
• Ina ng Mabuting Kahatulan
• Inang Nagdadalamhati
• Mahal na Birhen ng Bundok ng Carmelo
• Our Lady of the Rule
• Mary, Help of Christians

Ilang mga debosyon kay Maria sa Pilipinas

• Mahal na Birhen ng Antipolo
• Mahal na Birhen ng Manaoag
• Mahal na Birhen ng Peñafrancia
• Reyna ng Kapayapaan
• Reyna ng mga Bulaklak

Mga lugar ng pagpapakita (aparisyon) ni Maria:

• Guadalupe
• Rue du Bac (Mapaghimalang Medalya)
• Lourdes
• Fatima

Sana nakatulong sa iyo, Justine, ang sagot kong ito sa iyong katanungan. Alam mo ba na ang pinakamahalag sa lahat ng sinabi ko sa iyo, ay tayo bilang mga katoliko ay magkaroon nawa ng malalim na debosyon kay Mama Mary. Samahan mo pa ito ng pagmamahal at pagtutulad sa kanyang mga mabuting pamumuhay, siguradong nasa mabuti kang landas. Sino ba namang mabuting ina ang magtuturo sa kanyang anak ng masamang bagay, wala di ba?

Ipagdasal at gabayan ka nawang lagi at ang bansang Pilipinas ni Mama Mary tulad ng ginawa niya kay Hesus.

Fr. Ronald

DIWA NG PAROKYA COLUMN

Moved by Mass Songs
by Claude Lucas C. Despabiladeras

At times during masses, I marvel at the message, theme and literary merits of certain songs whenever I read their lyrics projected on the white screen behind the commentator’s podium. On occasion, as I desperately try (to no avail) to sing in tune with our ROLP Choir, who always gives whatever song they have in their repertoire a superbly moving rendition, I end up reflecting on my own actions and life in general. Such is the effect of certain mass songs on me (and I am sure, on many others, too). What’s more, I have also been inspired to compose a song.

Some weeks ago, the inspiration that I had been waiting for (for about a year, actually) finally kicked in, and so I wrote a poem. The sentiments expressed in my composition are drawn from my own experiences and feelings, my musings, readings (mostly essays by the youth), and conversations with other people.
After reading my piece, Father Macale suggested that I contribute it to this Sinag issue. So it is exactly that—my offering —which follows this paragraph. Since most of the people who have also previously read it told me that they could relate to it one way or another, I will leave it open for the reader’s —your —interpretation. Here is…

RETURNING TO MY LORD

‘Twas the easy road, I thought, I was drawn to that direction.
Although it was wrong, I gave in to the temptation.
I heard His voice calling, but I covered both my ears.
I ran away, I disobeyed, despite His flowing tears.
I braved that cold and lonely path not knowing where to go.
I thought there was no turning back, but I felt really low.
So when I stopped in all that darkness, admitting I was lost.
I cried and then ran back to Him, regretting what I’ve caused.
Stay with me, Lord, be with me every minute, every day.
Stay with me, keep me Yours, don’t ever let me go astray.
I realized I hurt You so when I ignored Your call.
Can’t do it on my own, I need You badly after all
So reach out Your hand again
I’m sorry now, returning now
I’m here, knowing that I can
I’m humbled now, ready to bow
Before Your greatness, Lord
To You alone, my Lord.
I hear Your voice calling, I hear it loud and clear.
I’ll do Your ways, I will obey, for You I will be here.
I’m with You, Lord, I’m with You every minute every day
I cling to You, I’m truly Yours, with You forever I stay.

__

Dakilang Ina
ni Leslie Mendezabal


Ano itong aking nakikita
Maamong mukha na kaaya-aya
Masarap pagmasdan
‘Di nakakasawa.
Tulad ng iyong mga gawa
Noong ika’y nasa lupa
Pagiging ina
Sa lahat ng madla.
Opo ina, ikaw nga ay dakila
Sa pinamalas mong pambihira
Pagmamahal, pagkalinga
Sa anak ng lumikha.
Hirap, sakit, at dusa
Sa iyong mga mata
Ang siyang nakita
Subali’t ina, ito’y iyong kinaya.
Kung kaya’t , sa’yo
Kami ay dumadalangin
Pagiging ina
Sa ami’y isalin.


Diwa ng Parokya column welcomes readers to send in their essays, poems, songs, comic strips, short stories , etc. about the Catholic religion, parish life, spirituality, or any related topic.

Dear Father,

Kasalanan po ba ang hindi magfasting and abstinence?

-Jena, 10 yrs. old & Gracia, 14 years old

Jena and Gracia,

Ang mga taong nais mag-fasting o abstinence ay may age bracket mula 16-60 taong gulang maliban sa mga maysakit, buntis at matanda na. Kung hindi kayo sakop ng age bracket, maaari ring hindi ito gawin. Ngunit hinihikayat din ang mga batang tulad ninyo na gawin ang mga ito kahit wala pa kayo sa tamang edad.

Isinasagawa ito ng mga mananampalatayang Katolikong tulad natin tuwing Ash Wednesday at Good Friday upang madisiplina ang sarili. Kapag nagawa ito, mas makakayanan nating iwasan ang mga maling gawain dahil nagtagumpay tayong disiplinahin ang sarili. Ito rin ay pagkontrol sa sarili sa paggawa ng mga kasalanan. At pamamaraan ito upang mas mapalapit tayo sa Panginoon.

Fr. Ronald

*Ang DEAR FATHER ay magiging isang regular na kolum ng Sinag Resureksyon. Kung may nais itanong kay Fr. Ronald tungkol sa pananampalatayang Katoliko, maaaring mag-email ng katanungan sa rolp.mace@gmail.com o maaari ring i-post sa ROLP website o ihulog sa kahon na nasa labas ng simbahan na may label na DEAR FATHER.

43rd World Day of Communications

Tuwing Ascension Sunday ipinagdiriwang din ang World Day of Communications. At bago sumapit ang araw na ito nagpapapalabas ng mensahe ang Santo Papa ukol sa napiling tema kung saan ngayong taon ang tema ay “New Technologies, New Relationships: Promoting a Culture of Respect, Dialogue and Friendship”.

Sa panahon ngayon kailangan ng simbahan na gumamit ng bagong teknolohiya sa pagpalaganap ng Ebanghelyo upang makasagot sa matinding pangangailangan na ang tao ay dapat makarinig ng Salita ng Diyos. Kaya naman dito sa ating parokya ay mayroong Multimedia Advocates for Creative Evangelization o MACE sa kadahilanang ito. At ang mga miyembro ng MACE ay hindi dapat tumigil sa paghahanap ng paraan upang lalong mailapit sa lahat ng uri ng tao ang Ebanghelyo. At ang mensahe ng Santo Papa ay patuloy na magiging hamon sa amin para sa pagtupad ng responsiblidad na ito.

Dapat lang isaalang-alang na ang komunikasyon ay isang two-way process. Hindi lang dapat ang simbahan ang laging nagbibigay ng impormasyon. Kailangan din nitong pakinggan ang gustong sabihin ng kanyang mga parokyano. Isang paraan ng paghikayat ng pagkakaroon ng komunikasyon ay ang hayaan ang mga tao na magpahayag din ng impormasyon. Ang komunidad ay dapat may input din para sa ikatatagumpay ng isang parokya. Nagbibigay ito ng implikasyon na dapat nating respetuhin at pakinggan ang mga tao. Kaya naman hindi rin lang puro galing o talino ang kailangan sa paghahatid ng impormasyon, ngunit higit sa lahat, kailangan ang mga miyembro ng MACE ay mayroon ding gabay ng Espiritu Santo.

Ang mga sumusunod na artikulo ay ang mga opinyon at tugon ng mga kapwa ko MACE members sa hamon na hatid ng mensahe ng ating Santo Papa.

-Joy dela Cruz

It is evident that we are in the age of technology; that we are living in a digital world. In this regard, how can the Church utilize such resources to reach out and evangelize to peoples? In response to this, Pope Benedict XVI sends out a message about the 2009 World Day of Communication. The message conveys that the gifts of knowledge and information at our fingertips can be very effective ways of communicating with one another irregardless of distance, race, culture and religion. But these gifts can easily be tainted, abused and misused. That is why we, Christian believers and followers, are challenged to promote respect, dialogue and friendship; to encourage, specially the youth, to bring the witness of their faith through effective socialization in the various means of media and communication.

In response to the Pope’s challenge, (1) the Diocese of Cubao included evangelization through multimedia as part of the five-point priority agenda; and (2) our parish, the Resurrection of our Lord Parish (ROLP) have formed an organization, the Multimedia Advocates for Creative Evangelization (MACE) to cater to information technological needs. MACE is given a massive task to bring down to the community the Christian faith. For the past three years, MACE has already put into place programs that make use of technology to reach out to our community.

MACE is visible through the DLP projector operators in every Sunday mass, the frequent publication of SINAG RESUREKSYON (the parish’s official newsletter), digital capture of special events, publication of the souvenir program and sales of souvenir items and the worldwide web, www.rolppaltok.co.cc. These are just a glimpse of what technology can bring to our community, a tip of the iceberg, so to speak. But, I believe we can still strengthen this small and humble organization. I personally would highly encourage the use of the worldwide web as means of reaching out and evangelization. There must be constant updates on the website. A catechetical message or a homily related to Sunday gospels are bonus points for the website. Also, since MACE is part of the Formation Ministry, I envision scheduled film showing for children and for teenagers. A 15 to 30 minute film show with a bit of catechetical work can be an effective way teaching. These are just one or two of the many means of empowering communication and evangelization in our Paltok community. Go Amazing MACE!

–Maan Paragas

Bilang isang MACE member, ang mensahe ng ating Santo Papa ay isang hamon para sa ating lahat upang gamitin natin ang makabagong teknolohiya sa makabuluhang paraan at ito ay ang pagpapalaganap ng Mabuting Balita. Nawa ay maging lakas at sandata natin ang mensahe ng ating Santo Papa upang mas dumami pa ang taong maglilingkod at sasampalataya sa Diyos. Huwag sanang gamitin ang media sa masama katulad ng pornograpiya at maling pagbabalita. Maging mensahero tayo ng ating Panginoon. Go MACERS!

-Rhea Jomadiao

New technologies have caused a lot of changes in our everyday lives especially in improving communication and human relationships. Because of it, we can communicate easily and fast to our loved ones, and strengthen human relationships through e-mails, social networks, cellphone, and the like. If not for the benefits of these new technologies, we still live a life full of hassles and difficulties. Marahil walang MRT o LRT na nagpapabilis sa pagpunta natin sa iba’t ibang lugar; wala ring telepono, cellphone o internet na maaaring magamit sa pakikipag-usap sa tao; at wala ring computer, fax machine o printer na nagpapabilis at nagsasa-ayos ng mga gawain sa opisina.

This is really a great gift for humanity and we, especially those who are serving in the church, must maximize the benefits it brings to us to enlighten everyone with the Word of God. Good thing the Diocese of Cubao has included in its 5-point priority agenda utilization of media in evangelization. Way ahead of this, our parish through the leadership of Fr. Ronald created an IT group (the Multimedia Advocates for Creative Evangelization or MACE) that will explore all possible means of proclaiming the Good News to the parishioners through different high tech gadgets like DLP projector and computer.

My fellow servants of the Lord, let us help the Pope to promote a culture of respect, dialogue, and friendship to everyone most especially to the people who are in need of our help and affection. Let us share His goodness to all through the use of modern technology.

Siguro kung buhay pa si St. Paul hanggang ngayon, ang Patron Saint ng MACE, high tech na rin siya sa pagpapahayag ng Salita ng Diyos.

-Jordeene Sheex Lagare

I must say that as a Catholic, it is very touching to hear a Christian leader addresses the benefits and challenges of responsible media.

Pope Benedict is absolutely correct in what he shared in his message. He addresses the digital generation and offers us all the ideas of how to use new technologies for the good of everybody. There are many practical benefits of the new media and technologies that the Pope gave, he points out that the digital communication ultimately reflects our fundamental human desire to relate to each other.

Pope Benedict encourages us all to be a good example to others in promoting the culture of respect, dialogue and friendship. We must always value and keep the importance of communication especially in our community nowadays.

-Kristine Joy Aquino

Back in the days when telegrams were the fastest means of sending urgent messages, words cost like gold. Telegram sentences made up of carefully chosen and counted words were separated by the trademark STOP. It didn’t take long before telegraphic transfers were taken over by pagers or beepers, then by analog cellular phone calls, then by the digital mobile phones and now by digital video phones. Who would have known then that the system of sending messages via computers, once used only in top-secret military operations, would spread rapidly to offices, schools, businesses, and homes to replace “snail mail”? Telegrams are now things of the past; we now have short messages or what we call “texts.” Nowadays, you hardly can find anyone who still refers to the “web” as the spiders’ habitat and to “surfing” as a water sport.

Indeed, the world of digital technology has enabled high-speed transmission of messages that have forged friendships, giving the very young and the young-at-heart access to information and knowledge across this whole “wired” world. It has never been easier and more convenient to maintain contacts and family ties, so important especially for Filipinos overseas. The Holy Father is right on target in saying how digital communication technology “responds to a fundamental desire of people as human beings to communicate and relate to each other.” People need to stay connected and through friendships, grow and develop as persons.

Digital communication technology also has its risks and hazards, as the Holy Father is sharp to point out. Fleeting, shallow friendships (with one click it is so easy to “add” as well as “delete” a contact) can dominate relationships marked respect, understanding and genuine care. That the technology could create an “obsession with virtual, rather than real, connectedness” is always possible. More and more young people are taking to texting and online chatting or networking like fish to water with their “almost spontaneous affinity for the new means of communication.” When they discover that distance is no excuse for not keeping in touch with friends, mobile phones become prized possessions young people can’t leave home without. The old-fashioned telephone, now dubbed as “landline,” used to pin us down to a particular place. Nowadays, people are always moving, on the go. With mobile phones, one can still connect with people even as they move. No wonder “wireless landline” phones are gaining usefulness. With the technology’s “undoubted capacity to foster contact between people,” people are no longer isolated from each other. Yet in a way, some people become isolated from real social or face-to-face interaction.

What does the Holy Father mean when he enjoins those who are well-versed with digital technology to proclaim the Gospel and bear witness to the faith? St. Paul, the Apostle, whose jubilee we are celebrating in this Pauline Year, wrote many letters and epistles as his own way of witnessing to Christ’s life, teachings and enduring love for each one of us. Fr. Ronald, our parish priest, once said that if St. Paul, were alive today, you would see him walking around with a laptop, looking for a “hotspot” to get connected and “blog” his thoughts and teachings to the Corinthians, Romans, and Galatians. When Christ told his remaining eleven apostles before his Ascension to “go out all over the world and preach the gospel to the whole of creation,” he might as well have anticipated the rich potential of the worldwide web to do just that.

Proclaiming the Gospel, for me, means two things. One, it is to bring the Word of God expressed in many forms, closer to people. Once in a while, inspirational text messages quoting passages from the Bible can really lift up tired souls or clear troubled minds. But let us spare each other messages that warn of misfortunes and evils that will befall anyone who ignores or refuse to send the same message to at least 30 other unsuspecting mobile phone contacts. The web has a wealth of resources on the lives of the saints, reflections on gospel readings, prayer guides, and so forth, if only one makes time for them. And here in our own parish there are services done by young and enthusiastic users of digital technology to help people participate more actively in Mass by having the songs sung and prayers recited magnified twenty-fold via computers and DLP projectors (making the Manila paper, transparencies, and overhead projectors quite obsolete). This is a big help also to make the Mass songs and responses really sink in.

Spreading the Gospel also means witnessing it in our own lives in the quality, sincerity and depth of our friendships and care for one another. In reminding us of the need to also “focus on the quality of the content that is put into circulation” using digital communication technology, the Holy Father also urges us to use technology responsibly. Thanks to the gadgets and equipment we have at our disposal, we are to herald the Gospel of Christian love built on respect and care for the person at the other end of the phone line, the recipient of our text messages, the surfer or fellow blogger on the web seeking truth and guidance, fellow churchgoers seeking the solace and grace of prayers said communally and even friends outside of our circle of contacts for whom mobile phones are an unaffordable luxury. “Loads” to send messages and make voice calls may now be cheaper these days, with all those “unli” promos galore. But as in the days of telegrams, words are still as expensive as gold. They must be carefully used to communicate only what we truly mean to say to persons sincerely respected and cared for, as created in God’s image. Let us use the technology to reach out to people in “all the ends of the earth,” especially the “disadvantaged and the vulnerable,” that through our acts of concern for them and words of consolation and hope, they may feel that God has not forsaken them.

-Angelli F. Tugado

May Flower Devotion nasa Kawan na!

nina Rhea Jomadiao & Tess Barro

Inilunsad na ang “May Flower Devotion sa Kawan” noong Mayo 2 kung saan sabay-sabay na nagdasal ng rosaryo ang mga bata mula sa iba’t-ibang kawan at ginanap din ang pagbabasbas ng iba’t ibang imahe ng Inang Maria na ginagamit sa Pagdalaw ni Maria sa Pamilya o Block Rosary ng LOM at MSK. Opisyal naman itong sinimulan sa bawat kawan noong Mayo 4. Araw-araw itong ginaganap mula 2:30 hanggang 5:00 ng hapon. Pagdating naman ng Sabado, ang lahat ng bata mula sa iba’t ibang kawan ay nagtitipon sa loob ng simbahan upang mag-rosaryo at manood ng video ng kwentong may aral. Tuwing Linggo, ang mga bata ay hinihikayat na magsimba sa ika-4:00 ng hapon.

Ang May Flower Devotion ay ginaganap na sa ating simbahan taun-taon, layunin nito na mapalapit ang mga bata sa Mahal na Birheng Maria. Ang mga bata ay tinuturuan ng iba’t ibang aralin ukol sa misteryo ng Santo Rosaryo at nag-aalay ng bulaklak o kaya naman ay sulat na naglalaman ng kahilingan o nangangako kay Mama Mary na mag-aaral mabuti o tutulong kay Nanay sa paglilinis ng bahay habang bakasyon. Ngunit sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon ito ay isinasagawa ng ating parokya ng sabay-sabay sa siyam na kawan. Ito ay bilang pagtugon ng ating parokya sa unang “priority agenda” ng Diyosesis ng Cubao— ang Pagpapalakas ng Parokya sa pamamagitan ng aktibong Basic Ecclesial Communities o mas kilala sa atin bilang Munting Simbahang Kapitbahayan.

Hindi naging madali ang naging pagpapatupad ng gawaing ito, ilang pagpupulong din ang isinagawa upang mapag-isipan at planuhin kung paano ito gagawin sa bawat kawan. Una ay naghanap ng mga student catechists at nagkaroon ng seminar noong Abril 18 at 25, at demo naman noong Abril 27 at 30 sa pangunguna ng Formation Ministry kasama ang LOM sa pakikipagtulungan ng MSK at MPS.

Dahil dito sa gawaing ito, ipinatupad ni Fr. Ronald ang “adopt-a-kawan” kung saan ang mga organisasyon ay namili mula sa siyam na kawan kung sino ang susuportahan nila. Ang mga miyembro ng organisasyon ng ating simbahan ay nagbibigay ng tulong pinansyal para sa pagkain at gamit ng mga bata at tumutulong din sila sa pag-aasikaso ng aktibidad na ito. Malaki ring bahagi nito ay ang mga kawan leaders na siyang gumaganap na tagapag-ugnay ng kawan, organisasyon at ng Formation Ministry. Sila rin ang masigasig na naghanap ng lugar sa kanilang kawan na pagdadausan ng nasabing gawain. Tumulong din ang ilang mga residente ng kada kawan sa ginaganap na pagpapakain sa mga bata bawat araw. Malaking tulong din ang Sunday Second Collection simula May 3-17.

Noong nakaraang taon, umaabot sa 80 bata ang nag-aalay kay Maria bawat araw sa simbahan. Ngunit ngayon, umabot na ito sa mahigit 200 bata kada araw ang natuturuan ng mga inihandang aralin at nakakapag-alay sa Inang Maria.

Ang ganitong gawain ay patuloy na isasagawa upang patuloy na magkaroon ang mga kabataan ng paghuhubog espiritwalidad at makatupad sa hamon na pagpapanibago ng ating simbahan.

Diocesan Pastoral Plan

Miyerkules de Sinisa: Tawag sa Pagbabalik-loob

ni Maui L. Salang

Ang Miyerkules de Sinisa, o Ash Wednesday sa Ingles, ay ang unang araw ng kuwaresma. Sa taong ito, ang pagdiriwang na ito ay magaganap sa Pebrero 25.

Dalawang termino ang nabanggit sa unang pangungusap: Miyerkules de Sinisa at Kuwaresma. Ang Kuwaresma ay panahon ng pagbabalik-loob, pagninilay at pangilin upang tayo ay maging handa sa muling pagkabuhay ni Kristo, nang matanggap natin ang kaligtasan.

Gaya ng pagbabalik-loob ng mga taga-Nineveh (Jonah 3: 5-8), ang ating mga noo ay pinapahiran ng abo upang magpangumbaba ang ating mga puso at paalalahanan tayo na ang buhay sa mundo ay may hangganan.

KASAYSAYAN
Ang pagpapahid ng abo ay mula sa isang seremonya na maaaring nagsimula noong ika-8 siglo. Tuwing araw na ito, ang mga mananampalataya ay inaanyayahang lumapit sa altar bago magsimula ang misa, habang ang pari, na inilulubog ang kanyang hinlalaki sa nabasbasang abo, ay nagmamarka ng krus sa noo, at sinasabi na ang tao na nanggaling sa alabok ay sa alabok din magbabalik.

ANG MGA ABO
Ang mga abo ay gawa sa mga lumang palaspas na binasbasan noong Linggo ng Palaspas ng nakaraang taon. Ang mga abo ay binabasbasan ng Banal na Tubig at insenso.

KAHULUGAN
Habang ang mga abo ay sumisimbolo ng pagbabalik-loob at pagsisisi, ang mga ito rin ay nagpapaalala na ang Diyos ay nalulugod at nahahabag sa mga taong buong pusong tumatawag at humihingi ng Kanyang kapatawaran. Pinakamahalaga ang dakilang awa ng Panginoon sa panahon ng Kuwaresma. At ang Simbahan ay tumatawag sa atin na hingin ang Dakilang Awa ng Diyos sa panahong ito sa pamamagitan ng pagninilay, pananalangin at pagbabalik-loob. Sa pagpapahid ng abo ng pari sa atin, sinasabi niya ang mga katagang “Turn away from sin and believe in the Gospel”. Ipinahahayag sa atin na sikapin na lumayo sa mga kasalanan at sa mga okasyong magdadala sa atin dito, upang tayo ay higit na makasunod sa salita ng Diyos sa Ebanghelyo.

Sanggunian:
1. Thurston, Herbert. “Ash Wednesday.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 7 Feb. 2009 .

2. Fairchild, Mary. “When is Easter 2009?” New York: New York Times Company. 7 Feb. 2009 .

3. “Ash Wednesday.” Catholic Online. California: Catholic Online. 7 Feb. 2009. .

4. Tabora, Fr. Joel, SJ. “Transfiguration in Lent.” New York: Philippine Jesuit Foundation, 2003. 7 Feb. 2009. .